The coolant temperature sensor

The temperature sensor is an NTC thermistor, its resistance is higher when the temperature is lower.
It was inserted into a container with liquid silicone that was subjected to freezing and heating. Temperature values were recorded. They are lower that the temperature range of the engine, I may try to measure the higher temperatures later and recalculate the results.

The Steinhart–Hart equation coefficients:
A = 0.0021390576483277567
B = 0.00011856786248721395
C = 0.000001702703922601429

Coolant temperature gauge values

The values for the reference marks, they start from 0. The supplied voltage is 5 Volts.

The main microprocessor for the gong is the STM32L452RET6.

The microprocessor sleeps most of the time consuming only 5 μA. When the level changes on one of its interrupt lines, a WAKEUP interrupt awakens the microprocessor. The program detects which interrupt line awakened the system and plays a corresponding WAV file on its DAC. When it stops playing, the microprocessor goes back into sleeping.

WAV files are only a few seconds each, and they are stored in the microprocessor flash. The program uses a timer to transfer bytes to the DAC according to the bit rate, usually, 16 bit/44.1kHz or 16 bit/48kHz. As the STM32 DAC is only 12-bit, some conversion is done. First, bytes are read into a memory buffer. Then, they are transferred to the DAC using a DMA channel. The program waits until it receives a transfer complete interrupt, and send a new portion of the music file to the buffer.

The DAC signal is amplified by the amplifier chip NJM2135M (MC34119).

The software uses the Real-Time Operating System Zephyr to organize multiple threads and simplify writing drivers.

The gong schema.

I used a simpler and cheaper octocouple before, and the power consumption was similar.

The audio amplifier subschema.

The gong PCB

Software: BMW E30 gong software for Zephyr RTOS and STM32

The original electric circuit is extremely simple. There are two 1.2V NiMH coin cells, a resistor to constantly charge them, an E10 2.4V bulb, and a switch.
You can read an article about Teardown and Repair of the Simply Designed BMW E36 Glovebox Flashlight.

All white flashlights that you can get now have dead batteries. You can replace the batteries with similar NiMH batteries, and they should work for a few years.

My project replaces the original circuit with a more sophisticated circuit that has a charger chip, Li-ion 4.2V coin cells, and an LED bulb.

Electrical Circuit

The charging chip is LTC4079.

The LTC®4079 is a low quiescent current, high voltage linear charger for most battery chemistry types including Li-Ion/Polymer, LiFePO4, Lead-Acid or NiMH battery stacks up to 60V. The maximum charge current is adjustable from 10mA to 250mA with an external resistor. The battery charge voltage is set using an external resistor divider.

The chip is tiny, but it’s possible to solder the QFN chip using hot air.

Two ⌀24.5mm RJD2450ST1 200 mAh rechargeable coin cells are used.

Charging Current – Standard: 95 mA
Charging Voltage – Maximum: 4.2 V

The RJD2450ST1 has contacts for soldered wires. But it requires cutting two small slots in the plastic circle in the middle of the flashlight. The RJD2450 without contacts can be used if there is a battery spot welder for the original contacts.

The resistor divider R2=1.54MΩ and R4=249kΩ provides the 8.4V charging voltage.
The resistor divider R1=1.2MΩ and R3=130kΩ disables charging when the battery voltage goes down to less than 12.17V. V_IN(REG) = 1.190 × (1 + 1200000 ÷ 130000).
The resistor R5=12kΩ sets the charging current to 25mA. R_PROG = 297.5 ÷ 0.025. The maximum charging current for the coin cells is 95mA. When I tested this amperage by using a 3kΩ resistor, the LTC4079 was very hot as the PCB is too tiny to dissipate all heat.
The timer capacitor C2=0.1µF is set to disable charging after approximately 5½ hours. C_TIMER = 5.5 × 18.2.
The 10k NTC thermistor is NHQM103B375T5.

PCB

I used a 4-layer 1.2mm-thick PCB.

LED bulb

The flashlight uses E10 bulbs.

The default polarity of the BMW E30 flashlight bulb is to have – (negative or ground) at the tip of the bulb and to have + (positive) at the screw body. Most LED E10 bulbs have the opposite polarity: + at the tip and – at the body.

It’s relatively easy to change the wires, but the original connectors around the coin cells must be isolated well.

I checked a 1W LED light. It was really hot when it was on. The body of the flashlight is plastic and there is no airflow, so the plastic can melt.

I selected this LED: 0.5W, Screw E10, Nopolar, 12V Warm White(4300K). It can be connected to – and + both ways. It doesn’t get warm. It also has the same height as the original bulb: 22mm. It even has a lens.

Pictures

The flashlight is pretty bright and works for more than 10 hours on one charge.

There are BMW outer plastic housings for 2 and 3 poles. But they require watertight rubber housing inserts for each contact terminal.

BMW offers the sockets and wires with the housing inserts already molded around them: 61130007441 and 61130007442. You have to solder them to your existing wires and use shrink wraps to isolate them. They are pretty expensive: $8-9.

If you want to go the DIY way, rubber contact housing inserts can be 3D-printed and regular inexpensive contact sockets can be inserted in them and sealed with a glue. Contact will also look much better without soldered green-wire extensions.

This article is only about straight contacts. There are also 90° contacts, but I didn’t look for sockets for them. Some BMW sockets should be usable.

Contact Socket

The contact socket is made by TE Connectivity (formerly AMP).
At the time of writing, the silver sockets cost $0.27 each for quantities over 10. The gold sockets are of course 10 times more expensive.

T2030002008-000

TE Internal #: T2030002008-000
TE Internal Description: CEF-0.75
Contact Type : Socket
Contact Mating Area Plating Material : Silver
Wire Contact Termination Area Plating Material : Silver
Wire Size (AWG): 18
Wire Size (mm²): .75
Contact Current Rating (Max) (A): 16

This one has a slightly bigger hole for a wire: T2030002010-000

TE Internal #: T2030002010-000
TE Internal Description: CEF-1.0
Contact Type : Socket
Contact Mating Area Plating Material : Silver
Wire Contact Termination Area Plating Material : Silver
Wire Size (AWG): 18
Wire Size (mm²): 1.0
Contact Current Rating (Max) (A): 16

Check the inner hole diameters yourself: T2030002005-000 – Ø1.15mm, T2030002008-000 – Ø1.30mm, T2030002010-000 – Ø1.45mm.

There are also smaller and gold-plated sockets in the series.

There are similar contacts from other companies: Digikey heavy-duty sockets

3D-printed housing

The material is TPU (Thermoplastic polyurethane), which is flexible.

Only the upper part is cut to accommodate insertion of the socket.
The bottom part is a solid circle that wraps around the male part providing good sealing. If it were cut and glued, the adhesive bond could easily break under the stress of insertion.

Download the 3D model

Sculpteo 3D printing

I used the 3D-printing service provided by sculpteo.com
The material was TPU (flexible), HP Multi Jet Fusion Fusion (Plastic).
The price was $20 for 20 contacts plus shipping, $1 per contact.

It’s cheaper to attach more contacts to the existing design in a 3D-program if you need more contacts than to print multiple designs. The model can be joined in Freecad to produce more contacts at once. Use Boolean operation – there are YouTube videos explaining how to do it.

Here is the result.

Of course, there are other online services that provide 3D printing. But the printing material must be flexible, not rigid.

Contact installation

The 3D-insert crevices were cleaned of the excessive material dust using a knife and picks.

The wires were inserted into the sockets T2030002008-000 and they were crimped. The contact holes for wires were tight for the headlight wire gauge. The wiring diagram showed 1 mm² (16 AWG), though.

The sockets are pretty cheap to have an assortment and match different wire gauges perfectly. The biggest socket that will fit into the 3D-printed insert is T2030002015-000.

The sockets were inserted into the 3D-printed housing inserts.

The open parts of the housing inserts were glued together using the shoe cement “Petronio”. After the glue settled a little bit, the sides were pressed together. Probably, any flexible glue should be good enough. If you wish to use Super Glue, it should be used on both sides ignoring the glue instructions.

A day passed waiting until the glue hardened.

The contacts were installed successfully.

BMW E30, E32, E34, E36 connector plastic housings

The 3D-printed housing insert described in the article is compatible only with the straight contact terminal plastic housings.

• White 2-pole: 61131378401
• Gray 2-pole: 61131378402
• Yellow 2-pole: 61131378403
• Black 2-pole: 61131378400
• Black 3-pole: 61131378410

The other housings require angled contact terminals: 61131378416 (black), 61131378417 (white), 61131378418 (gray), 61131378419 (yellow).

Weld all parts together and paint them.

Download 3D model

The 6-speed transmission bracket for the E30 dimensions.

Use 4 square-headed M8X18 bolts (23711130250) to connect the bracket to the chassis.

A typical manual transmission swap uses the 5-speed Getrag 260 transmission from a manual E30.
Here is the list of the parts that are required for a swap:

• Transmission input shaft seal
• Engine rear main seal
• Transmission
• Transmission oil
• Transmission crossmember 23711176574
• Transmission mounts 23711175939 x2
• Transmission mount nuts 07119905515 x4
• Washer 33311108205 x2
• Washer 07119904115 x2
• Shifter assembly
• Selector rod | Shift link w/washers and clips
• Shift handle
• Shift knob and emblem
• Nylon cup and bushing
• Shift lever insulating rubber boot
• Shift lever leather boot
• Lock pin for support arm
• Bushing mounting nut
• Transmission to block bolts (set, you can reuse the bolts that came off your auto)
• Giubo bolts
• Giubo
• Manual driveshaft
• Center bearing assembly
• Reverse light switch
• M/T reverse lamps wiring harness BMW 23141220263
• Clutch cruise control switch and wiring
• Flywheel
• Flywheel spacer plate
• Flywheel bolts x8 (need new)
• Throwout bearing
• Clutch/Pressure Plate assembly
• Clutch fork
• Clutch fork bearing
• Clutch master cylinder
• Clutch master fluid line connector
• Clutch slave cylinder
• Clutch hardline
• Firewall grommet
• Clutch soft line
• Brake pedal 35211154729
• Clutch pedal 35311156838
• Clutch and brake pedal rubber pads 35211108634
• Hex bolt for the pedals M10x175 07119912721

The most expensive parts are the Getrag 260, manual driveshaft, shifter and selector rod, flywheel, and clutch. It’s very difficult to find a Getrag 260 that doesn’t need a rebuild. BMW sells a refurbished one for $3,500.

If you have to change so many parts, isn’t it better to install a newer 6-speed transmission with its driveshaft, shifter, clutch, differential, and linking parts?

GS6-37DZ transmission

A newer one can be the European diesel transmission GS6-37DZ. This swap was pioneered by Wanganstyle.

This article describes only the Project Research stage. I’m trying to collect as much information as possible. I don’t know what will work and what won’t.

The GS6-37 is a 6-speed manual transmission manufactured by ZF Friedrichshafen AG and Getrag. It is designed for longitudinal engine applications and is rated to handle up to 370 newton metres (273 lbf⋅ft) of torque.

Gear ratios

Differential

Which differential ratio is the best?

• The acceleration in the 2, 3, 4 gears should be similar to the Getrag 260 + a 4.10 or 3.73 differential.
• The 6th gear should be good for low-RPM freeway cruising.
• The 1st gear should be usable.

The Getrag 260 with a 4.10 differential compared to the GS6-37DZ with a 3.15 differential:

The Getrag 260 with a 3.73 differential compared to the GS6-37DZ with a 3.07 differential:

It’s possible to find Z3 3.07 and 3.15 medium 188mm differentials. They have Torsen LSDs and require little maintenance for regular driving. They are more modern and have few miles as the regular Z3 was a weekend car. The Z3M had a 3.23 clutch-type LSD differential.

Getrag 260 and GS6-37DZ bellhousing comparison

Looking at the different variants of the GS6-37DZ transmission, only the earlier variants GS6-37DZ — THES (23007562730) and GS6-37DZ — TJEM (23007565194) can be used.

Compatible transmissions were installed with the M47 engine:

GS6-37DZ — TJEM

• BMW E87 (118d, 120d)
• BMW 320Cd E46
• BMW E90/E91 (318d (M47N2), 320d (M47N2))
• BMW E60/E61 (520d)
• BMW E60 LCI/E61 LCI (520d (M47N2))

GS6-37DZ — THES

• BMW 120d E87
• BMW E46 (320Cd/td, 320d (M47N))
• BMW E90/E91 (320d M47N2)
• BMW E60/E61 (520d)

The newer versions of the GS6-37DZ (TJEF, TJEJ) that came with the engine N47 have the starter protrusion at the bottom, not at the top. They are not compatible.

The main advantage of the GS6-37DZ (D – diesel) over its sibling GS6-37BZ (B – benzin, petrol, gasoline) is the slant(tilt) degree of 20°. The slant degree of the M20 engine in the 325i is the same. The engine doesn’t stand vertically to save on the height. The GS6-37BZ has the slant degree of 30° – it’s compatible with the M30, M50, etc.

As you can see, the GS6-37DZ has more bellhousing holes than the Getrag 260: 2 at the bottom and 1 pin at the top.

The transmission will be mated with the BMW M20 engine. The top pin interferes with the starter. But the M20 starter won’t probably work with the GS6-37DZ flywheel, so it’ll be replaced anyway.

The bottom part of the M20 engine can be disconnected. It’s called the Bowl reinforcement (11141286342). An additional hole can be drilled and tapped in it, but there is no casting for it in the back of the reinforcement. Maybe, a nut can be used.

Transmission drive shaft differences

The driveshaft in the Getrag 260 has 10 splines, the driveshaft of the GS6-37DZ has 22 splines. So, a clutch disk should have 22 splines too.
The driveshaft in the Getrag 260 is longer and its pilot bearing is inserted into the crankshaft of the engine.
The driveshaft in the GS6-37DZ is shorter and its pilot bearing is in the flywheel.

Rear transmission mount brace (cross member)

The GS6-37DZ is mounted differently. The top (22316760303) E90 Transmission supporting bracket is available. Then, the mounting style and dimensions should be similar to the 6-speed Getrag 420G, for which some companies create braces.

A custom bracket for a 6-speed transmission in a BMW E30

Drive Shaft

The automatic E36 M3 driveshaft

The GS6-37DZ is 635 mm long. It is 120 mm longer than the Getrag 260. The automatic transmission ZF HP4-22 is 685 mm long.
The length of the drive shaft for the GS6-37DZ must be close to 1367 mm.

The E36 M3 automatic drive shaft (26112228212) should be compatible with its length of 1346 mm. It’s about 20 mm short.

Also, the European E36 automatic drive shaft (26111227441) should be compatible too with its length of 1345 mm.

It seems that many 4-bolt E36 drive shafts have the same rear half. It’s only the front half that has different lengths. Both u-joints are located in the rear half, and they wear out. The front half is just a pipe with connectors.

Some people indicate that the manual Z4 front part(26117514468) can be used with the rear E36 part to provide the perfect length.

The M3 giubo (26112226527) is 96mm in diameter, 35 mm wide, and it is connected using M12 bolts.

The drive shaft center support mount must be from the E30 (26121226723). Probably, it should be mounted backwards.

The front section of the E46 320d driveshaft + the rear section of the E30 rear driveshaft

The rear section of all E30 driveshafts is the same, so a good automatic E30 driveshaft can be used.

The front section must come from a European e46 320d produced from 03/2003 (26117523929). The 6-speed E46 330i and M3 driveshafts are not compatible.

Shifter

The shifter carrier and selector rod for this conversion must be custom.

Shifter carrier and Selector rod

Zionsville BMW E36 6 Speed Conversion Shift Arm Support Bracket.

A longer shifter carrier can be shortened and welded.

Here is a shifter carrier and selector rod for the E36 + GS6-37BZ. It should be compatible, too. I believe the rod should be bent instead of being straight for better clearance. The arm is aluminum, the rod is steel.
GS6-37 6 Speed Conversion Shifter Carrier for sale

Download 3D model for Gear Shift Rod

Download 3D model for Gear Shift Arm

But this bent gear shift rod is more appropriate.

Flywheel and Clutch

The LuK dual-mass flywheel.

The original M20 flywheel.

These items should work:

• Clutch Kit (21207626561). Sachs Clutch K70436-01
• Dual Mass Flywheel (21207533868). Sachs Manual Transmission Flywheel DMF91175
• 8 M12x1.5×29.15 Flywheel Screws (11227519572)
• Clutch Ball Pin (21511223328). Greasable Stainless Steel Clutch Fork Pivot Pin

There are aftermarket flywheel and clutch kits.
Clutch Masters 2003-2006 : 3.0L E46 (6-Speed)

Clutch Slave Cylinder

The master clutch cylinder is from the E30. The slave clutch cylinder is from the E36 325i(21521159045). There should be other compatible clutch cylinders.

Starter

The starter from the E46(12412354693) is compatible with the E46 flywheel.

The Bosch SR0448N from the E46 has the threaded holes for the bolts, no E30-style nuts will be needed.

The E30 starter(12411726504) specifications:
Rated Power [kW]: 1,4
Voltage [V]: 12
Number of Teeth: 9
Rotation Direction: Clockwise rotation
Number of mounting bores: 2
Flange Ø [mm]: 76
Number of Thread Bores 0
Plug Type ID: M6
Clamp: M8
Length 3 [mm]: 25
Length [mm]: 184.21

The E46 starter(12412354693) specifications:
Rated Power [kW]: 1,4
Voltage [V]: 12
Number of Teeth: 9
Rotation Direction: Clockwise rotation
Number of mounting bores: 3
Flange Ø [mm]: 76
Number of Thread Bores: 2
Plug Type ID: M6
Clamp: M8
Length 3 [mm]: 23
Length [mm]: 173.21

Reverse Switch

The E30 reverse switch(23141354071) has a correct connector.

Lube and Oil

The transmission splines must be lubed.

Rebuilding the GS6-37DZ transmission

The transmission bellhousing can be opened using this crude technology.
It seems that the bellhousings of the GS6-37DZ and GS6-37BZ can be exchanged to get the gasoline engine gear ratios.

In addition to the new seals and new bolts, these bearings are required for a rebuild:

• 2 bearings for the input and main shafts NSK 35TM10-A-1CG28U01 (BMW 23111224806) 35x80x20mm
• 1 bearing for the main shaft by ZF. 1833728 IC 32272-MB90A IC 0735298254 ZF 1833728 DAF, 5001847341 DAF 42535016 IVECO 5001847341 IVECO 8869673 IVECO, 8869673EB12-6460 IVECO 32272-MB90A NISSAN 322754716R RVI, 50 01 847 341 RVI 23×40,40x21mm
• 1 bearing for the lay shaft SKF BA2B 633910 C (BMW 23111224808) 29.8x67x31mm
• 1 bearing INA 712 0613 10 (INA F-223773) 27x44x23.2mm

Schematics of the GS6-37DZ